hints about computer in history
Hints for Computer System Design
Butler W. Lampson Computer Science Laboratory Xerox Palo Alto Research Center Palo Alto, CA 94304 Abstract Studying the design and implementation of a number of computer has led to some general hints for system design. They are described here and illustrated by many examples, ranging from hardware such as the Alto and the Dorado to application programs such as Bravo and Star. 1. Introduction Designing a computer system is very different from designing an algorithm: The external interface (that is, the requirement) is less precisely defined, more complex, and more subject to change. The system has much more internal structure, and hence many internal interfaces. The measure of success is much less clear. The designer usually finds himself floundering in a sea of possibilities, unclear about how one choice will limit his freedom to make other choices, or affect the size and performance of the entire system. There probably isn’t a ‘best’ way to build the system, or even any major part of it; much more important is to avoid choosing a terrible way, and to have clear division of responsibilities among the parts. I have designed and built a number of computer systems, some that worked and some that didn’t. I have also used and studied many other systems, both successful and unsuccessful. From this experience come some general hints for designing successful systems. I claim no originality for them; most are part of the folk wisdom of experienced designers. Nonetheless, even the expert often forgets, and after the second system [6] comes the fourth one. Disclaimer: These are not novel (with a few exceptions), foolproof recipes, laws of system design or operation, precisely formulated, consistent, always appropriate, approved by all the leading experts, or guaranteed to work. 1 This paper was originally presented at the. 9th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles and appeared in Operating Systems Review 15, 5, Oct. 1983, p 33-48. The present version is slightly revised..- نکات درباره کامپیوتر در طول تاریخ
- باتلر دبلیو لمپسون
- آزمایشگاه علوم کامپیوتر
- مرکز تحقیقات زیراکس پالو آلتو
- پالو آلتو ، کالیفرنیا 94304
- چکیده
- مطالعه طراحی و اجرای تعدادی از رایانه ها به برخی نکات کلی منجر شده است
- برای طراحی سیستم آنها در اینجا شرح داده شده و مثالهای زیادی از آنها نشان داده شده است
- سخت افزاری مانند Alto و Dorado به برنامه های کاربردی مانند Bravo و Star.
- 1. معرفی
- طراحی سیستم رایانه ای با طراحی یک الگوریتم بسیار متفاوت است:
- رابط خارجی (یعنی مورد نیاز) با دقت کمتری تعریف شده ، پیچیده تر و
- بیشتر در معرض تغییر
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The computer is one of the technological phenomena that has affected all aspects of our lives. Computer is derived from the word Compute in English meaning calculator. In 1937 the world's first electronic digital computer called ABC was made.